1. conversion formula is F = 32 + 9C/5
2. The temperature of triple point of water is assigned a value of 273.16 K
The temperature of ice point on the ideal gas scale is 273.15 K and of the steam point is T = 373.15 K. The interval between the two is 100 K.
Centigrade scale or Celsius scale is defined to have ice point at 0°C and steam point at 100°C. The interval is 100°C.
Hence if θ represents the Celsius or centigrade temperature
V = T – 273.15 K
3. Ideal gas equation
pV = nRT
n = the amount of gas in moles
R = universal constant = 8.314 J/mol-K
Thermal expansion
Average coefficient of linear expansion
Average (α) = (1/L)*∆L/∆T
Coefficient of linear expansion at temperature T
α = Lim (∆T->0)(1/L)*∆L/∆T = (1/L)dL/dT
Suppose the length of a rod is L0 at 0° C and Lθ at temperature θ measured in Celsius. If α is small and constant over the given temperature interval,
α = Lθ-L0/L0*θ or
Lθ = L0(1+αθ)
The coefficient of volume expansion is defined in a similar way.
γ = (1/V)dV/dT
It is also known as coefficient of cubical expansion.
Vθ = V0(1+γθ)
γ = 3α
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